After several years of multi-party games, the oil and gas system reform plan finally landed, officially unveiling the prelude of oil and gas reform.
On May 21, the State Council officially issued the "Several Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Oil and Gas System" (hereinafter referred to as the oil reform opinion), which clarified the overall thinking and main tasks of deepening the reform of the oil and gas system.
The oil reform opinion pointed out that the deep-seated contradictions and problems existing in the current oil and gas system will be gradually solved by six major reform measures, including deepening oil and gas exploration and mining, import and export management, pipe network operation, production and processing, product pricing system reform, and Reform of state-owned oil and gas enterprises. In addition, the oil reform opinion emphasizes that reform must always adhere to the direction of problem orientation and marketization, and reflect the commodity attributes of energy.
Based on the above ideas, the oil reform opinion has deployed eight key reform tasks. Among them, five aspects belong to the oil and gas resources industry chain.
In the upstream exploration field, the focus is on the orderly release of the upstream oil and gas exploration and mining system and the improvement of the oil and gas import and export management system. That is to say, under the premise of protective development, market entities that meet the requirements for entry and obtain qualifications are allowed to participate in conventional oil and gas exploration and exploitation, forming a exploration and mining system dominated by large state-owned oil and gas companies and involving various economic components, and establishing specifications. At the same time as the dynamic management system for crude oil imports, the refined oil processing trade and general trade export policies will be improved.
Before July 2015, the upstream exploration and production segment of domestic oil and gas resources in a highly monopoly franchise consists of four state-owned oil companies, including PetroChina, Sinopec, CNOOC and extend the enjoyment of the upstream petroleum, including franchise.
In July 2015, as the pilot of oil and gas upstream reform, Xinjiang took out the first bidding for six oil and gas exploration blocks for the first time. Then in December 2016, the Ministry of Land and Resources said that it would once again open up the exploration market in Xinjiang.
In the oil and gas system reform report, Hisense Securities said that there are hopes that the enterprises that have entered the upstream in this reform include local state-owned enterprises with resources, overseas oil and gas blocks, and representatives of private enterprises, as well as oil service companies with domestic oilfield operations experience. .
In the field of midstream pipeline transportation, the opinion mentioned that it is necessary to step by step to promote the independence of the main pipelines of state-owned large oil and gas enterprises, realize the separation of pipeline transportation and sales, and realize the fair opening of oil and gas pipelines, provincial and inter-provincial pipelines to third-party market entities.
In the field of downstream sales, the opinion mentioned that it is necessary to deepen the reform of competitive links and reform the pricing mechanism of oil and gas products, especially to increase the development and cultivation of natural gas downstream markets to promote fair competition in the natural gas distribution. In addition, it is necessary to promote the marketization of non-residential gas prices and further improve the residential gas pricing mechanism. That is to say, when the market determines the price, it also retains the government's control over abnormal price fluctuations.
The oil reform opinion also highlighted the deepening of the reform of state-owned oil and gas enterprises, including encouraging qualified oil and gas companies to develop equity diversification and various forms of mixed ownership, and promote their professional restructuring and integration, especially engineering, engineering and equipment manufacturing. Other businesses participate in competition as independent market players, and support state-owned oil and gas companies to adopt various methods to separate social functions and solve historical problems.
The last two key reform tasks belong to the oil and gas reserve system and the oil and gas safety and environmental protection system. In view of the former, the opinions not only mention the establishment of a reserve system that integrates government reserves, corporate social responsibility reserves and enterprise production and operation inventory, but also complements each other. It is also necessary to establish a natural gas peaking policy and a grading reserve peaking mechanism. The latter focuses on improving the safety and clean operation capabilities of the entire oil and gas industry chain.
In December 2015, the first draft of the oil and gas system reform plan was basically completed. The core of the reform of the oil and gas system was to further improve the separation of government and enterprise, the separation of the main and the auxiliary, and the system structure of “managing the middle and releasing the twoâ€. Orderly liberalize the access and price control of the competition, strengthen the supervision of the natural monopoly link, and establish an oil and gas market operation system with “complete rule of law, diversified subjects, market pricing, and effective supervisionâ€.
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