The application of chemical fertilizers is indispensable in the cultivation of grapes and is also the largest investment in capital. However, the immediate problem is that the utilization rate of fertilizer is not high, even less than 50%. This condition is mainly due to improper fertilization and closely related to the spatial variability of soil nutrients. In China, a lot of research has been done on the management of fertilization in viticulture. A lot of work has been done on the management and application of fixed-point nutrient management and soil information systems, and good results have been achieved. In order to increase the soil nutrient content, increase the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, and increase economic benefits, the soil testing and fertilizer application instrument has important guiding significance for the formula fertilization of soil.
However, there are still some problems: At present, most rural households in China's rural areas have scattered farming operations and small unit plots. The technique of balanced fertilization has not yet penetrated into one household, and the soil testing and fertilization technology has not yet been realized: Soil nutrients and their variability are lacking in a comprehensive and systematic understanding. Therefore, soil testing and formulating fertilization techniques suitable for the decentralized management system of local grape growing areas have not yet been formed. Fertilization has great blindness. In view of the current status of soil nutrient management in grape growing areas, it is necessary to use GIS technology to study the spatial variability of soil nutrients within a certain range, to explore the feasibility of regional soil nutrient zoning management, and to provide a partition management model for precision fertilization suitable for grape growing areas. Theoretical basis.
In this study, a GPS sampling technique was used to sample the study area. Each sample represents an area of ​​about 7 hm}. A total of 30 soil samples were collected and the sampling depth was 0 to 30 cm. The soil nutrient comprehensive system evaluation method was used to determine the available nutrient content of 30 soil samples taken from the test area, and its variation characteristics were analyzed. It can be seen that the nutrient variations in different soils in the experimental area. Through the determination of soil testing and fertilizer application, it was found that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the most important three elements in the management of soil nutrients in vineyards. The variation of soil NO;-N content in the experimental area was the largest, which was related to the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied, application method, nitrogen fertilizer type, and field management measures. The variation of soil P content is large, while the variation of soil K content is small, which may be related to the chemical behavior of P and K in soil. The P applied to the soil has a low mobility and a low utilization rate in the season, which results in the inhomogeneous distribution of P in the soil due to the large amount of P fertilizer remaining in the soil slope. The K applied to the soil is relatively mobile due to its relatively high mobility. The higher utilization rate in the season resulted in a more uniform K in the soil than in the soil P.
After the use of the soil testing and formulating fertilizer applicator, on the basis of the above-mentioned soil nutrient partitioning, using the crop high-yield and high-quality recommended fertilization consulting service system, combined with years of grape test data, a recommended fertilization test for grapes was arranged in the experimental area. It can be seen that application of partitioned balanced fertilization on grapes can significantly increase yield and increase economic efficiency. Compared with conventional fertilization, regional balanced fertilization increased the yield of grapes by 13.7% to 14.8%, and the increase ranged from 17040 to 17820 yuan per square meter.
However, there are still some problems: At present, most rural households in China's rural areas have scattered farming operations and small unit plots. The technique of balanced fertilization has not yet penetrated into one household, and the soil testing and fertilization technology has not yet been realized: Soil nutrients and their variability are lacking in a comprehensive and systematic understanding. Therefore, soil testing and formulating fertilization techniques suitable for the decentralized management system of local grape growing areas have not yet been formed. Fertilization has great blindness. In view of the current status of soil nutrient management in grape growing areas, it is necessary to use GIS technology to study the spatial variability of soil nutrients within a certain range, to explore the feasibility of regional soil nutrient zoning management, and to provide a partition management model for precision fertilization suitable for grape growing areas. Theoretical basis.
In this study, a GPS sampling technique was used to sample the study area. Each sample represents an area of ​​about 7 hm}. A total of 30 soil samples were collected and the sampling depth was 0 to 30 cm. The soil nutrient comprehensive system evaluation method was used to determine the available nutrient content of 30 soil samples taken from the test area, and its variation characteristics were analyzed. It can be seen that the nutrient variations in different soils in the experimental area. Through the determination of soil testing and fertilizer application, it was found that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the most important three elements in the management of soil nutrients in vineyards. The variation of soil NO;-N content in the experimental area was the largest, which was related to the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied, application method, nitrogen fertilizer type, and field management measures. The variation of soil P content is large, while the variation of soil K content is small, which may be related to the chemical behavior of P and K in soil. The P applied to the soil has a low mobility and a low utilization rate in the season, which results in the inhomogeneous distribution of P in the soil due to the large amount of P fertilizer remaining in the soil slope. The K applied to the soil is relatively mobile due to its relatively high mobility. The higher utilization rate in the season resulted in a more uniform K in the soil than in the soil P.
After the use of the soil testing and formulating fertilizer applicator, on the basis of the above-mentioned soil nutrient partitioning, using the crop high-yield and high-quality recommended fertilization consulting service system, combined with years of grape test data, a recommended fertilization test for grapes was arranged in the experimental area. It can be seen that application of partitioned balanced fertilization on grapes can significantly increase yield and increase economic efficiency. Compared with conventional fertilization, regional balanced fertilization increased the yield of grapes by 13.7% to 14.8%, and the increase ranged from 17040 to 17820 yuan per square meter.
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