Chinese name: é”—
English name: germanium
Definition: The atomic number is 32, belonging to the Group IVA element of the periodic table, and the element symbol is Ge, which is an important semiconductor material.
锗 (Old translation 鈤) is a chemical element. Germanium material form a gray earth metal. The nature of cockroaches is similar to tin . Helium is most commonly used in semiconductors to make transistors. In 1886, when Wenckler of Germany analyzed the sulphur- silver bismuth ore, it discovered the existence of strontium; after that, strontium sulfide and hydrogen co-heated to produce bismuth.
High purity germanium is a semiconductor material. It is obtained by reduction from high-purity cerium oxide and extraction by smelting. Single crystals doped with a specific amount of impurities can be used to make various transistors, rectifiers and other devices. Antimony compounds are used in the manufacture of fluorescent panels and various high refractive index glasses.
Single crystal can be used as a transistor and is the first generation of transistor material.
Coffins are used in radiation detectors and thermoelectric materials.
High-purity germanium single crystal has a high refractive index, is transparent to infrared light, does not transmit visible light and ultraviolet light, and can be used as a window, prism or lens that is transparent to infrared light.
The compounds of ruthenium and osmium are superconducting materials. Cerium oxide is a catalyst for polymerization. The glass containing cerium oxide has high refractive index and dispersion properties. It can be used as a wide-angle camera and microscope lens, and antimony trichloride is also a new fiber material additive.
Oh, it has a semiconducting nature. It has played an important role in the development of solid state physics and solid state electronics. The crucible has a melt density of 5.32 g/cm3 and is a silver-gray brittle metal.锗 The possibility of being classified as a rare metal is stable in chemical properties. It does not react with air or water vapor at normal temperature, but it is rapidly formed at 600-700 °C. Does not work with hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid. When concentrated sulfuric acid is heated, helium will dissolve slowly. In nitric acid and aqua regia, it is easily dissolved. The action of the alkaline solution and hydrazine is weak, but the molten alkali is in the air and can dissolve the hydrazine quickly. Niobium and carbon do not work, so they melt in the graphite crucible and are not contaminated by carbon.
Tantalum has good semiconductor properties such as electron mobility, hole mobility, and the like.
The development of cockroaches still has great potential. The defects of modern industrial production are mainly from the by-products of copper , lead and zinc smelting.
How to recycle?
There are many ways to recover hydrazine comprehensively. The common method of chlorination distillation is commonly used. The method is to convert the hydrazine in the raw material into a sulfuric acid solution, add the tannin to obtain a tannin precipitate, and after oxidizing and roasting to remove arsenic and remove the harmful substances, chlorination at 83 to 100 ° C to obtain GeCl 4 . The following reactions occur during the chlorination distillation:
GeO 3 +4HCl=GeCl 4 +2H 2 O
GeCl 4 is hydrolyzed to obtain pure GeO 2 , and the following reactions occur during the process:
GeCl 4 +2H 2 O=GeO 2 +4HCl
GeO2 is reduced by hydrogen to obtain a metal ruthenium having a resistivity of 10 to 20 Ω·cm, and the reaction is:
GeO 2 +2H 2 =Ge+2H 2 O
(1) Recycled by preferential volatilization method, the raw material is firstly made into a dough, and after volatilization, the volatilization rate is 90% to 98%; then the dust is extracted according to the classical method, and the recovery rate of the antimony is said to be as high as 90%. In China, this method has been used to extract yttrium from zinc concentrate containing 0.006% to 0.008% Ge. After two reductions and volatilization, the obtained sulphide dust is extracted by the classical method, and the recovery rate of strontium is 75% to 80%. .
(2) Sulfation-Carrier Precipitation Recovery é”— This method is used to treat Zaire strontium ore containing 0.022% bismuth. After flotation, copper concentrate containing 0.13% bismuth is obtained. The smelting of copper containing 0.36% Ge is carried out by copper. Sulfation converts the hydrazine into the sulfuric acid system, and after purification, the cerium in the solution is precipitated by using MgO as a carrier, and then extracted according to the classical method. The Belen plant in Belgium is produced using this method, and the recovery rate of hydrazine is 75%.
(3) Recovery of hydrazine by alkaline earth metal chloride distillation.
(4) Tobacco recovery by recovery.
(5) Redox roasting recovers hydrazine.
(6) Re-evaporation and recovery of hydrazine.
(7) recovering germanium extraction recent years, many solvent extraction of germanium larger research progress, germanium extracted coal oil can be used, CCl 4, MIBK, Lix63 system in diethyl ether and hydrochloric acid; sulfuric acid can be used in a TOA system, P204+YW100, Lix63 and Kelex100 are extracted, which can be produced according to the specific conditions.
(8) The blast furnace is used to recover hydrazine.
Automatic Sliding X-ray hospital Door
hospital door, hospital sliding door, medical sliding door , automatic medical airtigh door, clean room door ,operating theaters door
Hospital door
Medical sliding door , each door has a single whole steel plate , lined with aluminum profile inner frame and high strength honeycomb panels , surrounded by high quality stainless steel shut perfect treatment , high dimensional accuracy , closed surface made of high quality EPDM special rubber seal to be perfect seamless seal , Bao steel steel board used in all high-quality cold-rolled steel , the surface with high-quality weather-resistant color pure polyester electrostatic powder coating , its performance in line with GB5237.4-2000 standard (in line with European standards QUALICOA D), and the development of a variety of wood effect , Door Press (medical diagnostic X-ray emission prevention health protection requirements ) lining thickness corresponding stereotype . protective harness toward lining 2mmpb thickness , the thickness of the other 1mmbp protection , The vertical axis hinge design unique , different from the conventional hinge , changing the point of impact to avoid sagging door , making more durable protective door , you open smoothly
Automatic Medical Airtight Doors with airtight , Sound insulation , thermal insulation , fire protection , radiation protection
1 Using a small volume , high-power brushless DC motor , frequent opening and closing , also can be long-term trouble-free operation
2. The sides of the door equipped with professional vacuum airtight tape , using a unique compression technology to ensure the door when the door is closed with the close coordination to achieve reliable sealing effect
3. With foot switch and special handle , health care workers to open the door easily , when power outage it can be opened by handle
4. The Safety sensors can effectively prevent the clip people , also can be set to automatic door sensor drive from indoor
5. Also can be opened easily by a remote control
6. The user can set the sensor effects , the flexibility to set the sensor operation mode according to the doctor`s work habits and characteristics of various types of surgery , in order to achieve the best results
Designed for clean room environments such as hospital operating rooms , pharmaceutical production plants, precision equipment factories, food shop , laboratory access port
Technical parameters
Power Voltage : 220V/50HZ
Power consumption : <150w
Door weight :<200KG
Opening/Closing speed : 20-60cm/sec
Closed way: Auto/induction
Safety Light Beam Switch :
This is which accord with the European standards , with a completely interference immunity . Also accord with ESC standards and in line with the French government about the workplace regulations require automatic doors
Accord with German regulations concerning the outer doors of power starting
automatic hospital door, hospital sliding door, high quality medical sliding door , automatic medical airtigh door, clean room door ,operating theaters door
SHENZHEN HONGFA AUTOMATIC DOOR CO., LTD , https://www.hongfahsrud.com