The existing polymetallic sulphide ore flotation process is developed on the basis of preferential flotation and mixed flotation processes, including partial preferential flotation process, partial mixed flotation process, and other floatable flotation processes, coarse subdivision Selection process, branch stream flotation process, asynchronous flotation process and fast flotation process.
1 copper sulfur flotation process
The inhibition of sulfur during the separation of copper and sulfur focuses on low alkali conditions, and the development of activators tends to be non-acid activated in order to safely and efficiently recover sulfur. Dexing Copper Mine uses Mac-12 as the collector and DP-3 as the second-stage copper-sulfur separation inhibitor low-alkalinity flotation process, which has achieved good results in copper-sulfur separation. The copper concentrate grade is 24.16%. , the recovery rate of 88.60% of the selection indicators. Li Xiaobo conducted a study on a copper-sulphur mine in Anhui Province. He proposed to use BK-301 and LP-01 (1:2) combined collector under low alkalinity conditions. After preferential float copper, the original slurry has no activated sulfur and sulfur. Separation flotation process can obtain copper concentrate with 18.46% copper, recovery rate of 72.16%, sulfur concentrate with sulfur content of 48.14%, and good recovery rate of 93.72%.
For the complex refractory copper-sulfur ore, the copper mineral with good floatability and floatability is generally used, and then the flotation process of mixed flotation-flotation separation of copper and sulfur is adopted. Mu Guohong adopts a low-grade copper ore. A rough grinding (-0.074mm accounted for 51%) tailing, flash float copper, copper-sulfur mixed float regrind sorting process, copper concentrate with copper grade 31.17% and recovery rate of 93.53%, associated gold recovery rate of 52.17% And sulfur concentrate with sulfur content of 43.2% and recovery rate of 44.31%. Ai Guanghua, Zhou Yuan, and Wei Zongwu have a copper priority for a difficult copper ore in Jiangxi.
The flotation and mixed-concentration re-grinding and sorting process greatly improved the sorting index, and obtained copper concentrate with a copper grade of 21.15%, a recovery rate of 83.62%, a copper concentrate and a sulfur grade of 38.86%, and a recovery rate of 63.31%. mine. Rosebery concentrator for copper arsenic-containing copper complex thereof, using copper concentrate regrinding IOμm to achieve maximum selectivity to copper methods to reduce harmful components arsenic achieve better economic indicators.
2 lead zinc copper sulfide ore flotation process
At present, the process of processing copper-lead-zinc polymetallic sulfide ore in China includes: full-priority flotation process, mixed flotation process, flash flotation process, floating process, and metallurgical combination. Deng Chuanhong and others have applied the new technology of lead-zinc flash flotation in engineering design for the complex and difficult-to-select ore characteristics of the silver polymetallic ore in Mengzi Bainiu, and achieved the ideal technical and economic effects. Chen Jianming et al. In the ore dressing test of Fuyin lead-zinc mine, two rough selection processes were used. The first rough selection gave priority to most of the higher grade lead-zinc minerals, and the second rough selection selected lower-grade lead-zinc minerals. The second rough-selected concentrate was selected and merged with the first rough-selected concentrate for the third and fourth selections. Zhu Yimin adopted the most conventional non-toxic collection for the copper-lead-zinc mine in Qinghai. Agents, inhibitors and conventional copper-lead-zinc sequential flotation processes replace the previous complex flotation processes and cyanide suppression.
Chen Daixiong et al. used a partially mixed flotation process to treat the copper-lead-zinc sulfide ore in Tibet Mozhugongka. The copper-lead mixed float was combined with the medium-mine re-grinding. The copper-lead separation was treated with activated carbon, combined with CMC, Na 2 SO 3 and The combination of Na 2 Si0 3 inhibited lead and achieved good beneficiation index. KM Asunchik treats Uzbekistan's Hanjiz copper-lead-zinc sulfide ore with copper-lead mixed floatation. When copper-lead is mixed, dingsant and black medicine are used as mixed collectors, and zinc sulfate is used to suppress sphalerite. before separation of copper and lead with charcoal, washing off the drug in conjunction with sodium sulfide, then quenched with sodium sulfite square aluminum ore under acidic pH conditions, xanthate collector copper sulphide minerals.
Controlling the wettability of mineral surfaces in the sulfide ore flotation system by regulating the slurry potential has always been an important means to achieve flotation separation of sulfide ore. Luo Xianping and Wang Dianzuo et al. conducted a potential-controlled flotation study on a copper-lead-zinc sulfide ore with a fine grain size and a zinc mineral, mainly iron sphalerite, and achieved better separation of copper, lead and zinc minerals. Cheng Hao et al. used a potential-controlled flotation technique for a copper-lead-zinc sulfide ore with an unusually complex mineral inlay in Xinjiang, combined with a full-priority process, and adjusted the slurry potential with lime to LP-01, SN-9 + aniline black medicine, Ding The yellow medicines collected copper, lead and zinc minerals respectively, and the combination of ZnSO 4 + YN was used to inhibit zinc, and a good flotation index was obtained.
There are a large number of metal ions such as Zn 2+ and Fe 2+ in the flotation slurry of a lead-zinc mine in Yunnan. The presence of these ions will lead to an increase in the difficulty of sorting lead and zinc minerals. Feng Zhongwei uses an alkali-free process for flotation of lead-zinc minerals under natural acid-base (acidic) pulp. Flotation separation of copper-zinc sulfide-based copper-zinc ore is easy to realize; but for ore with copper oxide mineral or secondary copper sulfide mineral, it is caused by Cu 2+ in the system. Copper and zinc separation is difficult. Yan Wenqing developed a new electrochemical technology for Mengzi's lead-containing silver-zinc ore. Using NNDDC and DDTC as collectors, the lead and silver grades were 55% and 1800g/t, respectively, by controlling pH and slurry potential. 86.5%, 65% lead concentrate and zinc grade 42.5%, recovery rate 91.25% zinc concentrate
3.2.1.3 Flotation separation of copper sulfide nickel ore
In the flotation of nickel sulfide ores, concentrates on how to reduce the content of magnesium oxide and magnesium silicate minerals eliminating the adverse effects of nickel-containing mineral flotation, flotation is the focus of research over the past decade nickel sulfide ore, Some new processes have emerged, such as deliming-flotation process, stage grinding-stage selection process, split-speed flotation method, flotation-magnetic separation combined process, flash flotation method, and so on.
Zhao Kaile et al. treated a polysaccharide inhibitor KGM in Sichuan Danba copper-nickel mine. The inhibitor effectively inhibited talc in the ore sample. Compared with CMC, KGM significantly improved the recovery rate of copper-nickel ore. In industrial tests, the coarsely ground product is passed through one rough selection, three selections, two sweeps, and one roughing, two selections, and one sweeping process after regrind. Adding KGM as an inhibitor is not only good. The separation of copper and nickel ore was achieved, and the recovery rate of nickel in the field was increased by 18.15%, and the recovery rate of copper was increased by 18.02%.
Yunnan Jinping Nickel Mine uses MIBC as a foaming agent to pre-de-sludge, which avoids the phenomenon that the slime increases the viscosity of the slurry, encapsulates the fine-grained sulfide minerals during the flotation process, and improves the flotation index. The Jinchuan Nickel Concentrator carried out a flash flotation industrial test and obtained good indicators. In the ore of the Selebi-Pikwe mine in Botswana, pentlandite and pyrrhotite are produced in a granular aggregate, the ratio of which is 1:14, making it difficult to obtain useful minerals by a single flotation method. Effective use, and because both nickel pyrite and pyrrhotite are magnetic, a high recovery rate can be obtained by a process of alkaline flotation-floating magnetic separation-magnetic finishing.
A good index of more than 6% concentrate grade and 83% recovery rate of nickel metal can be obtained by adopting the process of “stage grinding-stage selection-middle mine return re-election†for the ore of Jinchuan Nickel Mine.
3.2.1.4 Molybdenum- 铋 - 锑 flotation process
The single molybdenum ore beneficiation process generally adopts a flotation process of rough grinding-re-grinding and re-grinding. For copper-molybdenum ore, two methods of preferential flotation and mixed flotation are often used. Wei Dangsheng used a flotation process of “copper molybdenum sulphide ore-sulphide-sulphide-copper-molybdenum-copper-molybdenum separation†for a copper-molybdenum mine in Guangdong, and the sorting index obtained was better. For carbon-containing molybdenum Nickel, this mineral containing valuable metals in addition to nickel, molybdenum, etc., the still rich in platinum group metals, rare earth metals and a large number of graphite, ultra fine-grained mineral pyrite symbiotic, not by traditional mineral The method separates nickel and molybdenum. Sun Wei et al. used the rough grinding product twice to select three times of refining, re-grinding the intermediate concentrate twice, and the intermediate ore sequence return process to treat the ore. The molybdenum grade with a molybdenum grade of 2.21% and a recovery rate of 84.53% can be obtained. Concentrate. Chen Daixiong et al. carried out the beneficiation test of nickel-molybdenum ore by decarburization-nickel-molybdenum mixed flotation process. Demineralization was carried out before beneficiation. The recovery rate of nickel-molybdenum ore mixed flotation was basically stable at around 75%.
For the flotation process of strontium sulfide ore, a mixed flotation process and a preferential flotation process are generally employed. Ji Qingjun [172] took a gold smelting mine in Gansu as the research object, and adopted the priority floating rafting process. After one rough selection, two selections, and one sweeping selection, the gold flotation was subjected to two rough selections, four selections, and one time. Sweeping, closed-circuit test can obtain 50.67% of strontium concentrate grade, recovery rate of 78.43%; gold concentrate contains 60.89g/t of gold and recovery rate of 80.52%. Zhu Yimin carried out flotation of stibnite after decarbonization by low-grade deuterium ore in a certain place.
Irina Pestryak et al. used the flotation of the copper-molybdenum mine of the Mongolian-Russian joint venture Erdente Mining Company, which has high secondary copper oxide ore and associated pyrite and low-carbon minerals, and is difficult to sort. - Biological hydrometallurgical combined process. The ore is ground to a content of -74 μm of 72% to 75%, and the bacteria are leached out of the sulfide flotation tailings, and the pH is 2.1 to 2.3 for 3 days, so that the total copper recovery rate is increased by 0.8%.
It is often symbiotic with non-ferrous metals such as lead, copper, tin , antimony and tungsten. In the flotation process, a mixed flotation separation process is often used. Qiu Xianyang et al. used a full flotation process of sulphide ore mixed-refined concentrate to suppress sulfur and bismuth copper-copper copper separation in a certain old copper bismuth mine in Yunnan, and finally obtained 18.66% copper and a recovery rate of 33.27%. Copper concentrate and antimony concentrate containing 21.70% and recovery rate of 44.37%. Ye Xuejun et al. used a copper-bismuth mixed flotation-copper-bisel separation flotation process for a copper-bismuth polymetallic ore in Jiangxi, which achieved high-efficiency cyanide-free separation of copper and antimony and obtained good beneficiation index. Li Aimin's flotation separation index for the associated molybdenum-copper sulphide ore in the Luokeng tungsten mine in Ninghua is based on the preferential float-molybdenum-copper-bismuth mixed-copper-bismuth separation process. The antimony concentrate with a grade of 62.37% and a recovery rate of 60.09% was obtained. The original process of a copper bismuth sulfide ore in Guangxi was sorted by “copper é“‹ mixed float and copper bismuth separationâ€, and the mixed concentrate was used for copper bismuth separation. The mineral suppression is difficult, and the separation effect of copper matte is poor. Zhou Hepeng uses a floatable flotation process such as copper crucible to sort it.
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